天问 下
[战国 楚]屈原
成chéng
汤tāng
东dōng
巡xún,
有yǒu
莘shēn
爰yuán
极jí。
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成汤东巡至有莘,为何求小臣却得贤妃?
Cheng Tang toured east to You Shen, why seek a minor official but gain a virtuous consort?
何hé
乞qǐ
彼bǐ
小xiǎo
臣chén,
而ér
吉jí
妃fēi
是shì
得dé?
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为何求彼小臣,反得吉祥妃子?
Why beg for that minor official, but obtain an auspicious consort?
水shuǐ
滨bīn
之zhī
木mù,
得dé
彼bǐ
小xiǎo
子zǐ。
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水边空心桑树,如何得那婴孩?
The hollow tree by water's edge, how obtained that child?
夫fū
何hé
恶wù
之zhī,
媵yìng
有yǒu
莘shēn
之zhī
妇fù?
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为何厌恶伊尹,使他陪嫁有莘之妇?
Why hate him, making him accompany You Shen's bride?
汤tāng
出chū
重chóng
泉quán,
夫fū
何hé
罪zuì
尤yóu?
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汤出重泉之囚,他有何罪过?
Tang emerged from Chongquan prison, what crime did he commit?
不bù
胜shèng
心xīn
伐fá
帝dì,
夫fū
谁shéi
使shǐ
挑tiǎo
之zhī?
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不能忍受而伐桀,是谁挑动其心?
Unable to endure, he attacked the emperor, who provoked him?
会huì
晁cháo
争zhēng
盟méng,
何hé
践jiàn
吾wú
期qī?
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甲子之朝会盟誓,如何如期而至?
At dawn they struggled to swear alliance, how kept our appointment?
苍cāng
鸟niǎo
群qún
飞fēi,
孰shú
使shǐ
萃cuì
之zhī?
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苍鹰成群飞翔,谁使它们聚集?
Blue birds flying in flocks, who made them gather?
到dào
击jī
纣zhòu
躬gōng,
叔shū
旦dàn
不bù
嘉jiā。
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武王击纣王尸,周公旦不赞许。
Arriving to strike Zhou's corpse, Uncle Dan did not praise.
何hé
亲qīn
揆kuí
发fā,
定dìng
周zhōu
之zhī
命mìng
以yǐ
咨zī
嗟jiē?
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为何亲自谋划伐纣,奠定周命却叹息?
Why personally plan Fa's attack, establish Zhou's mandate with sighs?
授shòu
殷yīn
天tiān
下xià,
其qí
位wèi
安ān
施shī?
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上天授殷天命,其位如何施行?
When Heaven bestowed the realm to Yin, how was its position established?
反fǎn
成chéng
乃nǎi
亡wáng,
其qí
罪zuì
伊yī
何hé?
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既成而反亡,其罪究竟为何?
Success reversed into ruin, what crimes caused this?
争zhēng
遣qiǎn
伐fá
器qì,
何hé
以yǐ
行xíng
之zhī?
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争相派遣兵器,如何调遣施行?
Competing to dispatch weapons, how were they deployed?
并bìng
驱qū
击jī
翼yì,
何hé
以yǐ
将jiāng
之zhī?
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并驾齐驱击两翼,如何统率指挥?
Driving together to strike the flanks, how were they commanded?
昭zhāo
后hòu
成chéng
游yóu,
南nán
土tǔ
爰yuán
底dǐ。
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昭王完成南巡,抵达楚地疆域。
King Zhao completed his southern tour, reaching the land of Chu.
厥jué
利lì
惟wéi
何hé,
逢féng
彼bǐ
白bái
雉zhì?
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其利究竟为何,得遇白雉祥瑞?
What benefit was gained, encountering that white pheasant?
穆mù
王wáng
巧qiǎo
梅méi,
夫fū
何hé
为wèi
周zhōu
流liú?
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穆王善御八骏,为何周游天下?
King Mu skilled with his steeds, why roam the realm?
环huán
理lǐ
天tiān
下xià,
夫fū
何hé
索suǒ
求qiú?
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周穆王环游天下,究竟所求为何?
Circling to govern all under heaven, what did he seek to find?
妖yāo
夫fū
曳yè
衒xuàn,
何hé
号háo
于yú
市shì?
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妖人拖曳炫耀,为何街市叫卖?
Strange men dragging displays, why shout in the marketplace?
周zhōu
幽yōu
谁shéi
诛zhū,
焉yān
得dé
夫fū
褒bāo
姒sì?
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周幽王被谁所杀,如何得到褒姒?
Who destroyed King You of Zhou, how obtained that Bao Si?
天tiān
命mìng
反fǎn
侧cè,
何hé
罚fá
何hé
佑yòu?
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天命反复无常,究竟惩罚谁保佑谁?
Heaven's mandate shifts unpredictably, whom to punish, whom to bless?
齐qí
桓huán
九jiǔ
会huì,
卒zú
然rán
身shēn
杀shā。
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齐桓公九合诸侯,最终却遭惨死。
Duke Huan of Qi convened nine assemblies, yet finally met violent death.
彼bǐ
王wáng
纣zhòu
之zhī
躬gōng,
孰shú
使shǐ
乱luàn
惑huò?
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那纣王自身,是谁使他昏乱?
That King Zhou himself, who led him to chaos?
何hé
恶wù
辅fǔ
弼bì,
谗chán
谄chǎn
是shì
服fú?
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为何厌恶忠良,却听信谗谄?
Why hate loyal advisors, believe slander and flattery?
比bǐ
干gān
何hé
逆nì,
而ér
抑yì
沉chén
之zhī?
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比干有何罪过,竟遭压制沉沦?
What offense did Bi Gan commit, to be suppressed and destroyed?
雷léi
开kāi
阿ē
顺shùn,
而ér
赐cì
封fēng
之zhī?
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雷开阿谀顺从,为何反得封赏?
Lei Kai flattered obediently, why was he rewarded with land?
何hé
圣shèng
人rén
之zhī
一yī
德dé,
卒zú
其qí
异yì
方fāng?
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为何圣人同德,最终结局各异?
Why do sages share one virtue, yet meet different fates?
梅伯méi bó
受shòu
醢hǎi,
箕子jī zǐ
详狂xiáng kuáng。
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梅伯被剁成肉酱,箕子假装疯狂。
Mei Bo was minced into meat paste, while Ji Zi feigned madness.
稷jì
维wéi
元子yuán zǐ,
帝dì
何hé
竺zhú
之zhī?
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稷是嫡长子,帝喾为何憎恶他?
Ji was the first son, why did Emperor Ku despise him?
投tóu
之zhī
于yú
冰上bīng shàng,
鸟niǎo
何hé
燠yù
之zhī?
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将他抛弃在冰上,鸟儿为何温暖他?
He was abandoned on the ice, why did birds keep him warm?
何hé
冯píng
弓gōng
挟xié
矢shǐ,
殊shū
能néng
将jiāng
之zhī?
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为何持弓挟箭,他有非凡才能?
Why did he hold a bow and arrows, possessing exceptional talent?
既jì
惊jīng
帝dì
切激qiè jī,
何hé
逢féng
长cháng
之zhī?
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既然惊动天帝激烈,为何还能兴盛长久?
Since he startled the Emperor fiercely, why did he prosper for long?
伯昌bó chāng
号hào
衰shuāi,
秉bǐng
鞭biān
作zuò
牧mù。
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伯昌号称衰落,执鞭成为牧人。
Bo Chang was titled in decline, yet held the whip as a shepherd.
何hé
令lìng
彻chè
彼bǐ
岐qí
社shè,
命mìng
有yǒu
殷国yīn guó?
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为何下令拆毁岐社,天命占有殷国?
Why order the Qi altar destroyed, decreeing possession of Yin?
迁qiān
藏cáng
就jiù
岐qí,
何hé
能néng
依yī?
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迁藏到岐地,为何能依靠?
Moving treasures to Qi, how could they rely on it?
殷yīn
有yǒu
惑妇huò fù,
何hé
所suǒ
讥jī?
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殷有惑妇,人们有何讥讽?
Yin had a bewitching woman, what mockery arose?
受shòu
赐cì
兹zī
醢hǎi,
西伯xī bó
上shàng
告gào。
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受赐这肉酱,西伯向上天控告。
Receiving this minced meat, the Earl of the West reported to Heaven.
何hé
亲qīn
就jiù
上帝shàng dì,
罚fá
殷yīn
之zhī
命mìng
以yǐ
不救bù jiù?
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为何亲自诉诸上帝,惩罚殷命无可挽救?
Why personally appeal to God, punishing Yin's fate beyond rescue?
师望shī wàng
在zài
肆sì,
昌chāng
何hé
识shí?
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吕望在肉铺,姬昌如何认出他?
When Master Wang was in the market, how did Chang recognize him?
鼓gǔ
刀dāo
扬yáng
声shēng,
后hòu
何hé
喜xǐ?
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挥舞屠刀高声叫卖,文王为何欢喜?
When he wielded his knife and raised his voice, why did the king delight?
武wǔ
发fā
杀shā
殷yīn,
何hé
所suǒ
悒yì?
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武王伐纣灭殷,为何心中忧郁?
When King Wu destroyed Yin, why did he feel anguish?
载zài
尸shī
集jí
战zhàn,
何hé
所suǒ
急jí?
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载着文王木主会战,为何如此急迫?
Carrying the corpse to battle, why such haste?
伯bó
林lín
雉zhì
经jīng,
维wéi
其qí
何hé
故gù?
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比干被剖心而死,究竟是何缘故?
The earl hanged in the woods - what was the reason?
何hé
感gǎn
天tiān
抑yì
地dì,
夫fū
谁shuí
畏惧wèi jù?
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如何感动天地,让谁感到畏惧?
How did it move heaven and earth? Whom did it frighten?
皇huáng
天tiān
集jí
命mìng,
惟wéi
何hé
戒jiè
之zhī?
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上天降下天命,为何又要警告他?
When August Heaven bestowed the mandate, why give warnings?
受shòu
礼lǐ
天下tiān xià,
又yòu
使shǐ
至zhì
代dài
之zhī?
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受命统治天下,为何又派人取代他?
Having received the world's rule, why send another to replace him?
初chū
汤tāng
臣chén
挚zhì,
后hòu
兹zī
承chéng
辅fǔ。
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起初伊尹为汤臣,后来如何承担辅佐重任?
Initially Yi Yin served Tang as minister, how later did he receive such important support duties?
何hé
卒zú
官guān
汤tāng,
尊zūn
食shí
宗zōng
绪xù?
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为何最终成为汤的官员,在宗庙享受祭祀?
Why did he finally become Tang's officer, receiving honors in ancestral temples?
勋xūn
阖hé
梦mèng
生shēng,
少shào
离lí
散sàn
亡wáng。
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阖闾乃梦寿梦之孙,年少时离散流亡。
He Lü was grandson of Meng, separated and exiled when young.
何hé
壮zhuàng
武wǔ
厉lì,
能néng
流liú
厥jué
严yán?
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为何成年后英武勇猛,威名远扬?
How when mature he became martial and fierce, spreading his majesty?
彭péng
铿kēng
斟zhēn
雉zhì,
帝dì
何hé
飨xiǎng?
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彭祖烹调雉羹,尧帝为何享用?
When Peng Keng cooked pheasant soup, why did the Emperor enjoy it?
受shòu
寿shòu
永yǒng
多duō,
夫fū
何hé
久jiǔ
长cháng?
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获得长寿八百岁,为何能如此长久?
Receiving longevity of 800 years, why could he last so long?
中央zhōng yāng
共gòng
牧mù,
后hòu
何hé
怒nù?
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诸侯共同治理中原,君王为何发怒?
When nobles jointly governed the central plains, why did the ruler rage?
蜂fēng
蛾é
微wēi
命mìng,
力lì
何hé
固gù?
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蜂蛾微小的生命,力量为何如此顽强?
Bees and moths with tiny lives, how is their strength so tenacious?
惊jīng
女nǚ
采cǎi
薇wēi,
鹿lù
何hé
祐yòu?
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惊动采薇的女子,白鹿为何庇佑?
Startling the fern-gathering maiden, why did the deer bless her?
北běi
至zhì
回huí
水shuǐ,
萃cuì
何hé
喜xǐ?
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北至回水之地相聚,为何欢喜?
Gathering at the winding northern river, why such joy?
兄xiōng
有yǒu
噬shì
犬quǎn,
弟dì
何hé
欲yù?
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兄长有猛犬,弟弟为何想要?
When elder brother had a fierce hound, why did younger brother covet it?
易yì
之zhī
以yǐ
百bǎi
两liǎng,
卒zú
无wú
禄lù?
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用百两黄金交换,为何最终失去福禄?
Exchanging it for hundred taels of gold, why ultimately lose all fortune?
薄暮bó mù
雷电léi diàn,
归guī
何hé
忧yōu?
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黄昏雷电交加,归去有何忧愁?
At dusk with thunder roaring, why worry about returning?
厥jué
严yán
不bù
奉fèng,
帝dì
何hé
求qiú?
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威严不能保持,天帝还求什么?
When his majesty isn't maintained, what does God seek?
伏fú
匿nì
穴xué
处chǔ,
爰yuán
何hé
云yún?
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隐伏穴居荒野,还能说些什么?
Hiding in cave dwellings, what more can be said?
荆jīng
勋xūn
作zuò
师shī,
夫fū
何hé
长cháng?
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楚国立功兴师,国运怎能长久?
When Chu raised armies for merit, how could it last long?
悟wù
过guò
改gǎi
更gēng,
我wǒ
又yòu
何hé
言yán?
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若能悔过改正,我又有何可说?
If mistakes are realized and corrected, what more need I say?
吴wú
光guāng
争zhēng
国guó,
久jiǔ
余yú
是shì
胜shèng。
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吴王阖闾争国,长久战胜于我。
Wu Guang fought for the state, long defeating us.
何hé
环huán
穿chuān
自zì
闾lǘ
社shè
丘陵qiū líng,
爰yuán
出chū
子文zǐ wén?
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为何绕行村社丘陵,便生出子文?
Why winding through village shrines and hills was Ziwen born?
吾wú
告gào
堵敖dǔ áo
以yǐ
不bù
长cháng。
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我曾告诫堵敖,其位不会长久。
I warned Du Ao his reign wouldn't last long.
何hé
试shì
上shàng
自zì
予yǔ,
忠zhōng
名míng
弥mí
彰zhāng?
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为何自荐于君上,忠名更加显扬?
Why testing superiors with self-recommendation makes loyal fame brighter?